استكشاف فلسفة وممارسة الذكاء الاصطناعي في التعليم العالي في الجنوب: مراجعة استطلاعية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70000/cj.2024.73.601الكلمات المفتاحية:
AI literacy، AI support، AI education، Global South، Scoping Reviewالملخص
تمثل قضايا الذكاء الاصطناعي محورًا رئيسيًا على أجندات التعليم العالي، حيث يُطلب من قادة التعليم توجيه عملية إعداد الجيل القادم من الطلاب والمواطنين للتعامل مع تحديات وفرص المستقبل. وعلى الرغم من أن الذكاء الاصطناعي يوفر إجابات إيجابية تتعلق بالابتكار التكنولوجي، فإن احتمالية استمرار عدم المساواة والاستبعاد والانقسامات المجتمعية لا يمكن تجاهلها.
ونظرًا لكونه مفهومًا حديثًا نسبيًا، تُعتبر معرفة الذكاء الاصطناعي غالبًا موضوعًا معقدًا يستلزم فهمًا أكثر تفصيلًا. ومع ظهور الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي (GenAI) مؤخرًا، أصبحت مناقشات واستكشافات ماهية معرفة الذكاء الاصطناعي محور تركيز متزايد. تاريخيًا، كان الذكاء الاصطناعي مجالًا خاصًا بعلماء الرياضيات وعلوم الحاسوب، لكن هذا الوضع يتغير مع امتداد تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي إلى جميع جوانب المجتمع. ويُعد الاستخدام الأخلاقي والمستنير لتطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي، بما في ذلك GenAI، أمرًا بالغ الأهمية.
ويضع هذا التحول التعليم العالي أمام تحدٍ جديد يتمثل في تحديد المسؤول عن تدريس وتيسير فهم الذكاء الاصطناعي. يأتي هذا في سياق تزايد المعرفة الأكاديمية في هذا المجال، ما يجعل القضية أكثر إلحاحًا، خاصة في بلدان الجنوب العالمي، حيث تعقّد الفجوات الرقمية والظلم الاجتماعي المشهد بشكل كبير.
تناولت هذه الدراسة مراجعة تحليلية لـ40 مقالًا علميًا تمت مراجعتها من قبل الأقران، بالإضافة إلى وقائع مؤتمرات نُشرت بين عامي 2020 و2024، لبحث دور معرفة الذكاء الاصطناعي في التعليم العالي في الجنوب العالمي. وهدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم الأبحاث الحالية حول معرفة الذكاء الاصطناعي وتبعاتها الأخلاقية في التعليم العالي، واستكشاف الفلسفات والأطر التي تُوجّه هذه الأبحاث وتدعمها في المنطقة.
توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تخصصات التعليم تُسهم في هذا المجال، إلا أن تخصصات أخرى، مثل علوم المعلومات، تُعد فاعلة رئيسية متعددة التخصصات في تدريس وتيسير معرفة الذكاء الاصطناعي. ومع ذلك، لا تزال هناك ندرة واضحة في الأبحاث ذات الصلة، مما يُبرز الحاجة إلى مزيد من الدراسات لتعزيز هذا المجال الحيوي.
المراجع
Adarkwah, M.A., Okagbue, E.F, Oladipo, O.A, Mekonen, Y.K, Anulika, A.G., Ilokanulo., Nchekwubemchukwu, S.I., Okafor, M.U, Chineta, O.M., Sayibu Muhideen, A.Y.M. Atiquil Islam, Exploring the Transformative Journey of Academic Libraries in Africa before and after COVID-19 and in the Generative AI Era, The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 50, (4) 2024,102900, ISSN 0099-1333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2024.102900.
Afolabi, A. (2024). Ethical Issues in Artificial Intelligence Adoption in African Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria. African Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 3(2), 22 – 33. https://doi.org/10.47604/ajikm.2735
Akakpo, M. G. (2023). Skilled for the Future: Information Literacy for AI Use by University Students in Africa and the Role of Librarians. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 28(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2023.2280566
Akintunde, M., Young, V., Yazdanpanah, V., Fathabadi, A.S., et al (2023). Verifiably Safe and Trusted Human-AI Systems: A Socio-technical Perspective. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems (TAS '23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 56, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597512.3599719
Bannister, P., Santamaría-Urbieta, A., & Alcalde-Peñalver, E. (2023). A Delphi Study on Generative Artificial Intelligence and English Medium Instruction Assessment: Implications for Social Justice. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 11(3 (Special Issue)), 53-80. Doi: 10.30466/ijltr.2023.121406
Benton, P. (2023). AI Literacy: A Primary Good. In: Pillay, A., Jembere, E., J. Gerber, A. (eds) Artificial Intelligence Research. SACAIR 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1976. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49002-6_3
Bozkurt, A. (2023). Unleashing the Potential of Generative AI, Conversational Agents and Chatbots in Educational Praxis: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of GenAI in Education. Open Praxis, 15(4), pp. 261–270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.15.4.609
Černý M. University Students’ Conceptualisation of AI Literacy: Theory and Empirical Evidence. Social Sciences. 2024; 13(3):129. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13030129
Chan, C.K.Y. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. Int J Education Technology Higher Education 20, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00408-3
Chatterjee, S., Bhattacharjee, K.K. (2020). Adoption of artificial intelligence in higher education: a quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling. Educ Inf Technol 25, 3443–3463 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10159-7
Chisom, N.O, Onachukwu, C.C & Osawaru, B (2023) Review of AI in education: transforming learning environments in Africa, International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 10(5) Doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v5i10.725
Chiu, T.K.F., Ahmad, Z., , Ismailov, M., Sanusi, I.T. (2024). What are artificial intelligence literacy and competency? A comprehensive framework to support them, Computers and Education Open, 6, 10017, ISSN 2666-5573, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100171
Corrigan, C.C et al. (Ed.) (2023) AI Ethics in Higher Education: Insights from Africa and Beyond, Springer International Publishing AG, 2023.
Floridi, L. (2013). The philosophy of information. Oxford University Press.
Floridi, L. (2015). The ethics of information. Oxford University Press.
Floridi, L. (2018). Soft Ethics and the Governance of the Digital. Philosophy & Technology, 31(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13347-018-0303-9
Floridi, L. (2019). What the Near Future of Artificial Intelligence Could Be. Philosophy & Technology, 32(1), 1–15. https://doi. org/10.1007/s13347-019-00345-y
Floridi, L. (2020) AI and Its New Winter: from Myths to Realities. Philos. Technol. 33, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00396-6
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., & Beltrametti, M. et al. (2018). AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations. Minds & Machines 28, 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
Gill, A.S., Germann, S. (2022). Conceptual and normative approaches to AI governance for a global digital ecosystem supportive of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). AI Ethics 2, 293–301 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00058-z
Goffi, E. R. (2023). Teaching Ethics Applied to AI from a Cultural Standpoint: What African “AI Ethics” for Africa? In AI Ethics in Higher Education: Insights from Africa and Beyond (pp. 13-26). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Goosen, W & Mugumo, P. (2024). A framework for the application of AI in higher education in association with APPETD and Swiss Institute for Management and Innovation, Proc. SPIE 13188, International Conference on Medical Imaging, Electronic Imaging, Information Technologies, and Sensors (MIEITS 2024), 1318808 (26 June 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030740
Gow, G. A., Dissanayeke, U., Chowdhury, A., & Ramjattan, J. (2023). Digital literacy and agricultural extension in the Global South. In Digital literacy and inclusion: Stories, platforms, communities (pp. 129-144). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Green, B (2021). The Contestation of Tech Ethics: A Sociotechnical Approach to Technology Ethics in Practice, in Journal of Social Computing. 2(3): 209-225, September 2021, Doi: 10.23919/JSC.2021.0018
Hagendorff, T. (2020). The Ethics of AI Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines. Minds & Machines 30, 99–120 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09517-8
Han, J. (2022). An Information Ethics Framework Based on ICT Platforms. Information, 13, 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13090440
Heilinger, J.C. (2022). The Ethics of AI Ethics. A Constructive Critique. Philos. Technol. 35, 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00557-9
Hickok, M. (2021). Lessons learned from AI ethics principles for future actions. AI Ethics 1, 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00008-1
Hoffmann, A. L. (2021). Terms of inclusion: Data, discourse, violence. New Media & Society, 23(12), 3539-3556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820958725
Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K. et al. (2022). Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-Wide Framework. International Journal Artifificial Intelligence Education, 32, 504–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1
Huang, C.W., Coleman, M., Gachago, D., Van Belle, JP. (2024). Using ChatGPT to Encourage Critical AI Literacy Skills and for Assessment in Higher Education. In: Van Rensburg, H.E., Snyman, D.P., Drevin, L., Drevin, G.R. (eds) ICT Education. SACLA 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1862. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48536-7_8
Kak. A., (2020). The Global South is everywhere, but also always somewhere: National Policy Narratives and AI Justice. In Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375859
Kazim, E & Koshiyama, A.S. (2021). A high-level overview of AI ethics, Patterns, 2 (9), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100314
Kong, S. C., Cheung, W. M. Y., & Zhang, G. (2023). Evaluating an artificial intelligence literacy programme for developing university students’ conceptual understanding, literacy, empowerment and ethical awareness. Educational Technology & Society, 26(1), 16-30.
Kumar, A & Sangwan, S.R. (2024). Conceptualizing AI Literacy: Educational and Policy Initiatives for a Future-Ready Society. International Journal of All Research Education & Scientific Methods, 12(4), pp. 1543-1551. ISSN 2455-6211
Lauer, D. (2021). You cannot have AI ethics without ethics. AI Ethics 1, 21–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00013-4
Mabona, A, Van Greunen, D & Kevin, K. (2024). Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Academic Libraries: A Systematic Literature Review, 2024 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa), Dublin, Ireland, 2024, pp. 1-9, Doi: 10.23919/IST-Africa63983.2024.10569288.
McCarthy, J. (2007). From here to human-level AI. Artificial Intelligence, 171(18), 1174–1182.
Monasterio A. A.; Ausín, T.; Liedo, B.; Toboso, M.; Aparicio, M.; López, D. (2022). Ethical Governance of AI in the Global South: A Human Rights Approach to Responsible Use of AI. Proceedings 2022, 81, 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2022081136
Morley, J., Floridi, L., Kinsey, L. et al. (2020). From What to How: An Initial Review of Publicly Available AI Ethics Tools, Methods and Research to Translate Principles into Practices. Science Engineering Ethics 26, 2141–2168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00165-5
Moyo, O., & Ndlovu, S. (2021). Technology and Innovation in the Global South: Effective Literacy Programme for the Poor. In Social, Educational, and Cultural Perspectives of Disabilities in the Global South (pp. 197-209). IGI Global.
Ng, D. T. K., Lee, M., Tan, R. J. Y., Hu, X., Downie, J. S., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). A review of AI teaching and learning from 2000 to 2020. Education and Information Technologies, 28(7), 8445-8501
Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, K. W. S., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). AI literacy: Definition, teaching, evaluation and ethical issues. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 504-509.
Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100041.
Okunlaya, R. O., Syed Abdullah, N., & Alias, R. A. (2022). Artificial intelligence (AI) library services innovative conceptual framework for the digital transformation of university education. Library Hi Tech, 40(6), 1869-1892.
Paladhi, A.S, and Maruthaveeran, V. (2024). Evaluating AI literacy proficiency among LIS researchers in ASEAN, Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 41 No. 4, pp. 6-8. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-07-2023-0121
Raffaghelli, J.E., Manca, S., Stewart, B. et al. Supporting the development of critical data literacies in higher education: building blocks for fair data cultures in society. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 17, 58 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00235-w
Reeve, J., Zaugg, I. and Zheng, T. (2022), "Mapping data ethics curricula", Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 20 (3): 388-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-12-2021-0124
Roche, C., Wall, P.J. & Lewis, D. Ethics and diversity in artificial intelligence policies, strategies and initiatives. AI Ethics 3, 1095–1115 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00218-9
Sartori, L., Theodorou, A. (2022). A sociotechnical perspective for the future of AI: narratives, inequalities, and human control. Ethics Information Technology, 24, 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-022-09624-3
Stahl, B.B. and Damian Eke, D. (2024). The ethics of ChatGPT – Exploring the ethical issues of an emerging technology, International Journal of Information Management, Volume 74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102700
Su, J., & Yang, W. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy in early childhood education: an intervention study in Hong Kong. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–15. https://doi-org.uplib.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2217864
Tanveer M, Hassan S, Bhaumik A. (2020). Academic Policy Regarding Sustainability and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Sustainability. 2020; 12(22):9435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229435
Tavani, H.T. (1999). Informational privacy, data mining, and the internet. Ethics and Information Technology, 1(2), 137–145.
Tiernan P, Costello E, Donlon E, Parysz M, Scriney M. (2023). Information and Media Literacy in the Age of AI: Options for the Future. Education Sciences. 13(9):906. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13090906
Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:467–473. Doi: 10.7326/M18-0850
Van Norren, D.E. (2023), The ethics of artificial intelligence, UNESCO and the African Ubuntu perspective, Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 112-128. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-04-2022-0037
Wright, J. (2023). The Development of AI Ethics in Japan: Ethics-washing Society 5.0? East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2275987
Zhang, Y., Wu, M., Tian, G.Y., Zhang, G and Jie Lu, J, (2021). Ethics and privacy of artificial intelligence: Understandings from bibliometrics, Knowledge-Based Systems, 222: 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.106994
التنزيلات
الملفات الإضافية
منشور
كيفية الاقتباس
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Brenda Van Wyk

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.